Warsaw Ghetto

On October 12,1940, the Germans decreed the establishment of a ghetto in the Warsaw. This required all Jews of the Warsaw were to move onto a designated area. Jews shops were to be marked, restrictions prod aimed on travel by train, and radios were confiscate from Jews and poles from December 1^st 1939. Many were forced onto the ghetto, during World War Two. More than three million Jews were sent to death camps such as Auschwites. The Ghetto was divided into two sections, the small Ghetto at the southern end the large Ghetto on the largest, which peak period contained 450,000 Jews, was sealed in November 1940. Life in the Ghetto was tough and quickly goes worse. Newspapers from the outside were forbidden, school lessons took place and people strived to continual a normal existence as best as they could. As more and more Jews were brought in from the neighboring towns and villages. Conditions became yet more cramped. People were bribing for food and money. By the time deportations to the extermination camps began, about 100,000 residents of the Ghetto had died of starvation or disease. Warsaw Ghetto was the largest Ghetto containing at its height more the 400,000 people.

On November 23,1939 Hans Frank the Governor-General issued a decree that all Jewish men, woman and children over 10 year of age must wear a white armband with a blue star of David, in public.

* To create the Warsaw Ghetto, the Germans built 11 miles of brick walls around the Jewish quarter; this area was then closed to the outsiders on November 15,1940.The Warsaw Ghetto was isolated from the outside world by a well 9.8 feet high, it was covered with fragments of glass and barbed wirer at the top. The construction of the wall took many months. It was 11.5 feet high; the Judenerat was forced to pay the cost of the construction.

* In September 1939.the Germans took control of Poland and Warsaw. On October 12,1940, which was the Jewish Day of Atonement, Czerniakow was informed of the decree establishing a Ghetto and the German quarter. The night of world war two the Jewish population in Warsaw numbered 337,000 about 29% of the total population of the city, this rose to 445,000 by March 1941. On April 19,1943, a new SS and police appeared outside the Ghetto and deport the remaining inhabitants to the force labor camps in lublin district. In January 1943, the SS and police units returned to Warsaw, this time with the intent of deporting thousands of remaining. About 70,000-80,000 Jews in the Ghetto were forced to labor camps.

*World War Two began 1939,when the Germany Nazi a Soviet Union took over Poland and took control of the country. The Nazi liked to take action against the Jews on Jewish Holidays, so it was made on Oct.12,1940 that "Jewish residential quarters" were to be set up in Warsaw. From July 22 until September 12,1942 Jews were being token to Treblinka, Killing center. During the period, the Germans deport about 265,000 Jews from the Warsaw to Treblinka. When the Jews were taken to Treblinka, the German killed approximately 35,000 Jews inside the ghetto during the operation.

*Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, witch began on April 19,1943, and ended on May 16, 1943. SS troops suppressed thee uprising under the command of General Jurigen Troop. Jews that were captured during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising are led by German soldiers to the assembly point for deportation. A total of 56,065 Jews were captured by the Germans during the uprising , and around 6,000 were killed during the destruction of the building in the ghetto. The bodies of the Jewish resister lie in front of the ruins of a building where they were shot by the SS during the suppresson of the Warsaw Ghetti Uprising.

*When the War ended, the wall was torn down in 1943 when the Ghetto was liquidated. Today the is only on short section of original wall remaining; the section was outside the Ghetto when the original Ghetto became a smaller area after most of the Jews had been deported.

*Nelly Cesana was one of several Holocaust survivors who participated in the service, which brought together four Peninsula congregations. Toward the beginning of the evening, survivors from the community cam up to the front to light candles, as their stories were read aloud by Children from Temple Beth Jacob of Redwood City. Nelly Cesana was one person the survived the Warsaw ghetto. She was 4 years old when she went to live in the ghetto in 1939. Even as a Child Nelly, was aware of her perilous extance. Nelly cesana remembers the fear, of never feeling safe. She says you hide constantly. Nelly Cesana they would sit in our apartment and look out the window and would see the polish children across the street bringing milk back home, her blond curls trembling and her face flushed with emotion after specking about her experience to an audience for the first time. Nelly says it was like watching people in a storybook-we had no food , no milk, nothing.

Madison Brockish

7th Social Studies

Rossville Jr. High

Holocaust Project

Spring 2009

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